# Chromium Oxidation

This class computes the oxide mass gain and oxide scale thickness for pure chromium.

## Description

The material ChromiumOxidation models oxidation and corrosion of chromium. According to Wagih et al. (2018) the oxide mass gain is given by a parabolic rate law that is 15 times less than the model of Leistikow et al. (1983) for zirconium based alloys. Therefore, the oxide weight gain is given by: (1) where is the mass gain in g/cm and is the time in seconds. A conversion factor of m-cm/g is used to convert the calculated weight gain to oxide thickness in m. The results reported in the Bison outputs are in SI units of kg/m and for weight gain and oxide thickness, respectively.

## Example Input Syntax


[./oxidation]
type = ChromiumOxidation
temperature = temp
boundary = right
[../]
(test/tests/tensor_mechanics/chromium_oxidation/chromium_oxidation.i)

## Input Parameters

• temperatureThe coupled temperature variable.

C++ Type:std::vector

Description:The coupled temperature variable.

### Required Parameters

• oxide_scale_factor1Scaling factor for oxide thickness

Default:1

C++ Type:double

Description:Scaling factor for oxide thickness

• boundaryThe list of boundary IDs from the mesh where this boundary condition applies

C++ Type:std::vector

Description:The list of boundary IDs from the mesh where this boundary condition applies

• computeTrueWhen false, MOOSE will not call compute methods on this material. The user must call computeProperties() after retrieving the Material via MaterialPropertyInterface::getMaterial(). Non-computed Materials are not sorted for dependencies.

Default:True

C++ Type:bool

Description:When false, MOOSE will not call compute methods on this material. The user must call computeProperties() after retrieving the Material via MaterialPropertyInterface::getMaterial(). Non-computed Materials are not sorted for dependencies.

• blockThe list of block ids (SubdomainID) that this object will be applied

C++ Type:std::vector

Description:The list of block ids (SubdomainID) that this object will be applied

### Optional Parameters

• enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.

Default:True

C++ Type:bool

Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.

• use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.

Default:False

C++ Type:bool

Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.

• control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.

C++ Type:std::vector

Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.

• seed0The seed for the master random number generator

Default:0

C++ Type:unsigned int

Description:The seed for the master random number generator

• implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form

Default:True

C++ Type:bool

Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form

• constant_onNONEWhen ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeSubdomainProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped

Default:NONE

C++ Type:MooseEnum

Description:When ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeSubdomainProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped

• output_propertiesList of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)

C++ Type:std::vector

Description:List of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)

• outputsnone Vector of output names were you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object

Default:none

C++ Type:std::vector

Description:Vector of output names were you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object

## References

1. S. Leistikow, G. Schanz, H. v. Berg, and A.E. Aly. Comprehensive presentation of extended Zircaloy-4/steam oxidation results 600-1600 C. In CSNI/IAEA specialists meeting on water reactor fuel safety and fission product release in off-normal and accident conditions. Riso Nat. Lab., Denmark, 1983.[BibTeX]
2. Malik Wagih, Benjamin Spencer, Jason Hales, and Koroush Shirvan. Fuel performance of chromium-coated zirconium alloy and silicon carbide accident tolerant fuel claddings. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 120:304 – 318, 2018. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306454918303037, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2018.06.001.[BibTeX]